Azelaic Acid 20% vs Hydroquinone 4% in Epidermal Melasma

Melasma is a common skin condition that causes dark patches on the face and can significantly affect quality of life. This study compared two commonly used topical treatments, 20% azelaic acid and 4% hydroquinone, in adults with epidermal melasma. Participants with epidermal melasma were randomly assigned to receive either azelaic acid 20% or hydroquinone 4% for a period of 12 weeks. The severity of melasma was assessed at baseline and monthly using the Melasma Area and Severity Index (MASI) score. Side effects such as irritation, redness, burning, itching, and dryness were also monitored throughout the study. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness and safety of azelaic acid and hydroquinone in reducing melasma severity and to determine whether azelaic acid can be used as a safe alternative to hydroquinone.