Several risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease could be prevented or treated by
      means of physical activity from childhood. Among the physical exercise programs for the
      improvement of these variables we can highlight high-intensity interval training. However,
      most of these studies have been carried out on overweight or obese athletes or schoolchildren
      and existing protocols on high intensity intervallic training are different. The main
      objective of the present research is to compare two high-intensity intervallic training
      protocols on body composition, heart rate, blood pressure, lipid profile, blood glucose,
      cardiovascular fitness, strength, quality of life, physical activity, enjoyment of physical
      activity and accident proneness in adolescents. The present investigation will be elaborated
      by a randomized-control trial design, with 2 experimental groups and a control group (CG). In
      each experimental groups a different protocol of high-intensity interval training is applied.

      It is assessed cardiovascular capacity and strength. Body composition is assessed. Heart rate
      and blood pressure were also recorded. Lipid profile and blood glucose were obtained by blood
      sampling. Quality of life, sedentary and physical activity lifestyle, enjoyment of physical
      activity and Psychoeducational factors determining accident process are assessed.

H2 Physical Education: Promoting Cardiometabolic Health by 2 High Intensity Intervallic Training Protocol, Twice a Week at Physical Education

Adolescent Behavior

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death today. These have been inversely
      correlated with physical activity and fitness in adults, children and adolescents. In this
      sense, certain risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease could be prevented or
      treated by means of physical activity from childhood. Traditionally, the benefits of physical
      activity on cardiovascular markers and physical fitness in children and adolescents have been
      described in research conducted with traditional aerobic exercise programs. Among the
      physical exercise programs for the improvement of these variables we can highlight
      high-intensity interval training. However, most of these studies have been carried out on
      overweight or obese athletes or schoolchildren. On the other hand, the existing protocols on
      high intensity intervallic training are different, there have been intensive and extensive
      protocols. Likewise, the investigations do not usually control the real intensity of work and
      it has been described that in most cases the participants do not manage to reach the
      described intensity, which indicates that they are not working at the level that is
      considered or they are working with an intensity of an extensive protocol while the duration
      is of an intensive protocol. In this sense, the objective of the present research is a) to
      know the effect of high intensity intervallic training on body composition, heart rate, blood
      pressure, lipid profile, glycemia, cardiovascular capacity, strength, quality of life,
      physical activity, enjoyment of physical activity and accident proneness in adolescents and
      b) to compare two high-intensity intervallic training protocols on body composition, heart
      rate, blood pressure, lipid profile, blood glucose, cardiovascular fitness, strength, quality
      of life, physical activity, enjoyment of physical activity and accident proneness in
      adolescents.

      The present investigation will be elaborated by a randomized-control trial design, with 2
      experimental groups and a control group (CG); with pre-test and post-test. Each experimental
      groups performance differences protocol of high-intensity interval training.

      The inclusion criteria will be: a) being in Compulsory Secondary Education; b) not presenting
      any musculoskeletal, neurological, cardiological, metabolic, rheumatic or previous history of
      spinal pathologies or with previous treatment; c) be active in the sessions of Physical
      Education.

      Primary outcome measure are cardiovascular capacity, strength of upper limbs and strength of
      lower limbs. These variables are tested with "Course Navette test", handgrip dynamometry and
      long jump test, respectively.

      Secondary outcome measure are body composition and its assessed by height, weight, waist
      circumference, fat percentage, hydration, muscle mass, bone weight and visceral fat. The body
      mass index will be obtained by recording weight and height (BMI = Weight (kg) / height (cm)
      2). Heart rate and blood pressure were also recorded. Lipid profile (high density
      lipoproteins, low density lipoproteins and triglycerides) and blood glucose were obtained by
      blood sampling. Quality of life are assessed through the "Kidscreen-27 questionnaire". The
      sedentary lifestyle as well as the level of physical activity will be evaluated through the
      Adolescent International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ).

      The enjoyment of physical activity and a questionnaire on Psychoeducational factors
      determining accident proneness in adolescents were assessed.

      Intensity was assessed during all sessions by means of a heart rate monitor for each
      adolescent.

      The type of activity used to develop the training was continuous running. After the usual
      warm-up in physical education classes, one of the two high-intensity interval training
      protocols was applied. Both have the same work time but distributed in different ways and
      with different intensities.

      The intensive high intensity intervallic training group performs 6 sets of 60 seconds of work
      and 60 seconds of rest. During the first two weeks we work at an intensity of 80-85% of the
      reserve heart rate during the work phase and 50-55% of the reserve heart rate during the rest
      time. In weeks 3 and 4 the intensity in the work phase is increased by 5%, reaching from the
      fifth week onwards a work intensity of 95-95% of the reserve heart rate.

      The extensive high-intensity intervallic training group performs 3 sets of 120 seconds of
      work and 120 seconds of rest at an intensity of 70-75% of the reserve heart rate during the
      work phase and an intensity of 50-55% of the reserve heart rate during the rest phase. In
      weeks 3 and 4 the intensity in the work phase is increased by 5%, reaching from the fifth
      week onwards a work intensity of 80-85% of the reserve heart rate.

      The program duration is 8 weeks and the frequency of intervention is 2 sessions per week.

Intensive high intensity intervallic training group

Extensive high-intensity intervallic training

Cardiovascular capacity is evaluated by means of the Course Navete test. A high value in this test refers to a better cardiovascular capacity.

Manual grip strength is assessed by means of dynamometry. The higher the value in this test, the greater the manual grip strength. It is recorded in kilograms.

The long jump is recorded by means of a mobile application. A higher value in this test reflects greater strength in the lower extremities. It is recorded in centimeters.

Principal investigator

The size of the subject will be measured in centimeters.

The Weight of the subject will be measured in kilograms.

The waist circumference of the subject will be measured in centimeters.

The percentage of fat was assessed by bioimpedance.

The hydratation was assessed by bioimpedance.

The muscle mass was assessed by bioimpedance. It was register in kilograms.

The bone weight was assessed by bioimpedance. It was register in kilograms.

The visceral fat was assessed by bioimpedance. It was register in kilograms.

The heart rate is taken under a blood pressure and heart rate device and the value is given in number of beats per minute.

Blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) is taken under a blood pressure and heart rate measuring device and the value is given in number of millimeters of mercury.

Blood glucose lipoproteins is analyzed by blood extraction.

High-density lipoproteins is analyzed by blood extraction.

Low-density lipoproteins is analyzed by blood extraction.

Triglycerides is analyzed by blood extraction.

Quality of life was assessed through the "Kidscreen-27 questionnaire" (assess health and subjective well-being in children and adolescents). This questionnaire report a score on a scale, with 5 option (never, a little, often, very often and always). The minimum value is 0 up to 100. A higher score on this test reflects a higher quality of life level. Higher score mean a better outcome.

The sedentary lifestyle as well as the level of physical activity will be evaluated through the Adolescent International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ).

The enjoyment of physical activity was measure by a questionaire.
This questionnaire report a score on a scale, with 5 option (strongly disagree, somewhat disagree, neutral, somewhat agree and strongly agree). The minimum value is 0 up to 100. A higher score on this test reflects a higher enjoyment. Higher score mean a better outcome.

Psychoeducational factors determining accident proneness in adolescents were assessed by questionaire. A higher score on this test reflects a higher risk of an adolescent accident. The questionnaire is composed of 4 factors. Factor 1. Perceived competence (from 8 to 48 points); Factor 2. Factor 3. Competitiveness (from 4 to 24 points), Factor 4. Risk-taking (from 4 to 24 points); and Factor 5. A higher score mean a high point in the factor.

The intensive high intensity intervallic training group performs 6 sets of 60 seconds of work and 60 seconds of rest. During the first two weeks we work at an intensity of 80-85% of the reserve heart rate during the work phase and 50-55% of the reserve heart rate during the rest time. In weeks 3 and 4 the intensity in the work phase is increased by 5%, reaching from the fifth week onwards a work intensity of 95-95% of the reserve heart rate. The program duration is 8 weeks and the frequency of intervention is 2 sessions per week.

The extensive high-intensity intervallic training group performs 3 sets of 120 seconds of work and 120 seconds of rest at an intensity of 70-75% of the reserve heart rate during the work phase and an intensity of 50-55% of the reserve heart rate during the rest phase. In weeks 3 and 4 the intensity in the work phase is increased by 5%, reaching from the fifth week onwards a work intensity of 80-85% of the reserve heart rate. The program duration is 8 weeks and the frequency of intervention is 2 sessions per week.

The control group will carry out their usual physical education classes which consist of games, jumping, moving, balance and different sports.

H2 Physical Education: Promoting Cardiometabolic Health by 2 High Intensity Intervallic Training Protocol, Twice a Week at Physical Education

About this trial

Study ID

Status

Type

Phase

Placebo

Accepting

Trial Timing

What is this trial about?

What are the participation requirements?

Locations

Location

Status