Evaluating the Vitamin K2 Status of Calcium-based Stone Formers

- Male/Female, 18 - 65 years old

- No self-reported kidney stones during their lifetime (controls)

- Ultrasound examination confirming absence of kidney stones (controls)

- Have had at least 1 incidence of a clinically confirmed calcium-based kidney stone in the last 12 months (stone formers)

- Ability to collect a clean catch urine sample

- Prescription and over-the-counter drugs unchanged for ≥30 days

- Willingness to provide medical information, blood, urine, and fecal samples

- Current, or within 30 days, use of antibiotics or antifungals

- Current, or within 30 days, use of vitamin K antagonists

- Current probiotic use or any use within 14 days of screening sample collection should be recorded

- A history or currently undergoing immunosuppressive drug therapy, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy 2021-06-29 1.0 Page 4 of 6

- Fecal incontinence

- History of disorder with abnormal calcium regulation such as hyperparathyroidism, active malignancy, or osteoporosis.